Week 8-2 Employee Participation

In Chapter 12, page 219, authors present three main categories of management-sponsored programs.
1. Employee participation as problem-solving or decision-making groups that are to some extent outside of or beyond regular work activities.
2. Employee participation as a restructuring of work processes and activities, using self-directed or semi-autonomous work teams.
3. Employee ownership as economic investment in and/or overall governance of the organization.

I think the first approach is more suitable for Japanese culture, where spending lot of time at work and time with co-workers after time is common. In Silicon Valley, I think the third approach is widely seen where employees are commonly involved in stock plans, Incentives linked to companies performance etc.,